cyclehelmets.org

Reviews of published evidence

See also: Research index
  BHRF original research
  Contradictory evidence about the effectiveness of cycle helmets
  Conflicting evidence - a concern not only for cycle helmet research
  Published evidence supportive of helmet effectiveness
  Published evidence sceptical of helmet effectiveness or promotion
  Analysis

A case-control study of the effectiveness of bicycle safety helmets
Thompson, Rivara & Thompson. New England Journal of Medicine 1989, Vol 320 No 21 p1361-7.

A hospital led promotion campaign aimed to increase bicycle helmet wearing among children aged 11 - 15 living in West Berkshire 1992-98
Lee AJ, Mann NP, Takriti R. Injury Prevention: 2000; 6:151-153

Bicycle Helmets - A review of their effectiveness: A critical review of the literature
Towner, Dowswell, Burkes, Dickinson & Hayes. Department for Transport Road Safety Research Report 30, London, November 2002.

Bicycle helmet legislation for the uptake of helmet use and prevention of head injuries (Cochrane Review)
Macpherson A, Spinks A. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2007 issue 2 Art. No. CD005401.

Bicycle helmet prevalence two years after the introduction of mandatory use legislation for under 18 year olds in Alberta, Canada
Hagel BE, Rizkallah JW, Lamy A, Belton KL, Jhangri GS, Cherry N, Rowe BH. Injury Prevention, 2006;12:262-265.

Bicycle injuries: road trauma is not the only concern
Jacobson GA, Blizzard L, Dwyer T. Austr NZ J Public Health 1998 Jun;22(4):451-5.

Bicycle safety helmet legislation and bicycle-related non-fatal injuries in California
Lee BH, Schofer JL, Koppelman FS. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2005;37:93-102

Changes in traffic crash mortality rates attributed to use of alcohol, or lack of a seat belt, air bag, motorcycle helmet or bicycle helmet, United States, 1982 - 2001
Cummings P, Rivara FP, Olson CM, Smith KM. Injury Prevention, 2006; 12:148-154

Cochrane Review: Helmets for preventing head and facial injuries in bicyclists
Thompson, Rivara & Thompson. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, The Cochrane Library, 2001-2.

Cycle helmet effectiveness in New Zealand
Povey LJ, Frith WJ, Graham PG. Accident Analysis and Prevention 1999 Nov;31(6):763-70

Cycle helmets and road casualties in the UK
Hewson PJ. Traffic Injury Prevention, 2005;6(2):127-134

Cycle helmets - time for legislation
Lee AJ, Mann MP. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2003;88:465-466

Cycling and children and young people: a review
Gill T. National Children's Bureau, 2005. ISBN 1-904787-62-2

Do bicycle safety helmets reduce severity of head injury in real crashes?
Dorsch MM, Woodward AJ, Somers RL. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1987 Jun;19(3):183-90.

Economic disparity in bicycle helmet use by children six years after the introduction of legislation
Macpherson AK, Macarthur C, To TM, Chipman ML, Wright JG, Parkin PC. Injury Prevention, 2006;12:231-235

Effect of legislation on the use of bicycle helmets
LeBlanc JC, Beattie TL, Culligan C. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2002;166(5): p592-5

Effectiveness of bicycle safety helmets in preventing head injuries: a case-control study
Thompson DC, Rivara FP, Thompson RS. JAMA, 1996 Dec 25;276(24):1968-73.

Evaluation of the Bicycle Helmet Wearing Law in Victoria during its First Four Years
Carr D, Dyte D, Cameron M. Monash University Accident Research Centre Report 76, 1995.

Extent and severity of cycle accident casualties
Scottish Executive Social Research, 2005.

Head injuries to bicyclists and the New Zealand bicycle helmet law
Scuffham P, Alsop J, Cryer C, Langley JD. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2000;32,p565-573.

Impact of mandatory helmet legislation on bicycle-related head injuries in children: a population-based study.
Macpherson AK, To TM, Macarthur C, Chipman ML, Wright JG, Parkin PC. Pediatrics, 2002; 110(5):e60.

Injury patterns in cyclists attending an accident and emergency department: a comparison of helmet wearers and non-wearers
Maimaris C, Summers CL, Browning C, Palmer CR. BMJ: 1994 Jun 11;308(6943):1537-40

Investigating population level trends in head injuries amongst child cyclists in the UK
Hewson PJ. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2005;37(5):807-815.

Legislation for the compulsory wearing of cycle helmets
British Medical Association, Board of Science and Education, November 2004

Making cycle helmets compulsory: ethical arguments for legislation
Sheikh A, Cook A, Ashcroft R. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2004;97:262-265

Mandatory helmet legislation and children's exposure to cycling
Macpherson AK, Parkin PC, To TM. Injury Prevention 2001;7:228-230

Mind your head: The data and debate on bicycle helmet effectiveness
Cook A. Significance 2004;Vol 1 issue 4:162-3

New Zealand bicycle helmet law - do the costs outweigh the benefits?
Taylor M, Scuffham P. Injury Prevention 2002; 8:317-320.

Promoting safe cycling and helmet use
Curran A. BMA Board of Science, 2008

Risk-Compensation Behavior in Children - Myth or Reality?
Pless IB, Magdalinos H, Hagel B. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2006;160(6):610-614.

The effectiveness of bicycle helmets: a study of 1710 casualties
McDermott FT, Lane JC, Brazenore GA, Debney EA. Journal of Trauma, 1993; 34(6):834-845.

Trends in head injury mortality among 0-14 year olds in Scotland (1986-95)
Williamson, Morrison & Stone. Journal of Epidemiological Community Health 2002;56:285-288

Trends in helmet use and head injuries in San Diego County: The effect of bicycle helmet legislation
Ming J, Gilchick RA, Bender SJ. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2006;38(1):128–134

Trends in serious head injuries among cyclists in England: analysis of routinely collected data
Cook A, Sheikh A. BMJ 2000 v321 p1055

Trends in serious head injuries among English cyclists and pedestrians
Cook A, Sheikh A. Injury Prevention 2003;9:266-267

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Published by the Bicycle Helmet Research Foundation, which exists to undertake, encourage and spread the scientific study of bicycle helmets and to provide access to a wide range of information to assist the understanding of this complex subject.
Most information published on www.cyclehelmets.org has been subjected to multi-disciplinary peer review.
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